World Organisations – Pacts and Summits
SCO Summit 2025
▪ The 25th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit took place on August 31–September
1, 2025, in Tianjin, China, hosted at the Meijiang Convention and Exhibition Center, Tianjin,
China, hosted at the Meijiang Convention and Exhibition Center
▪ It was the largest gathering in SCO’s history and marked China’s fifth time hosting the summit
▪ Tianjin Declaration adopted, focusing on security, economic cooperation, and reinforcing a
multipolar world order.
▪ A commitment was made to establish a SCO Development Bank.
About SCO
▪ Formation: Established on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China.
▪ Origin: Evolved from the Shanghai Five (China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan)
formed in 1996.
▪ Founding Members (2001): China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
▪ New Members:
✓ India & Pakistan → Joined in 2017.
✓ Iran → Became a full member in 2023.
✓ Belarus → Joined as full member in 2024.
▪ Observer States: Afghanistan, Mongolia.
▪ Dialogue Partners: Countries like Turkey, Azerbaijan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Cambodia, Saudi
Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, UAE etc.
▪ Headquarters: Beijing, China.
▪ Official Languages: Russian & Chinese.
▪ Current Secretary-General (2025): Zhang Ming (China).
