National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP)
▪ It was launched in 2001 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
▪ It laid the foundation for systematic development of the organic agriculture sector in the country.
▪ It is a key government programme that strengthens India’s organic certification system, promoting sustainable farming practices and opening new opportunities for farmers and exporters
▪ Programme is implemented by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).
▪ India ranks first globally in organic producers and second in organic agricultural land.
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
▪ Introduced in the Union Budget 2018-19, Samagra Shiksha is a comprehensive program covering education from pre-nursery to Class 12 to ensure equitable learning outcomes.
Key Features:
▪ Integration of Schemes: It subsumes three earlier schemes
✓ Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Focused on universal primary education.
✓ Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): Aimed at secondary education.
✓ Teacher Education (TE): Focused on training teachers.
▪ Sector-Wide Development Approach: It streamlines implementation across all levels (state, district, and sub-district) instead of fragmented project-based objectives.
▪ Alignment with SDGs: Ensures free, equitable, and quality education (SDG 4.1) while eliminating gender disparities and ensuring access for vulnerable groups (SDG 4.5).
▪ Implementation: It is a centrally sponsored scheme (CSS) implemented through a single State
Implementation Society (SIS) at the State/UT level.
▪ SIS is a state-registered body implementing CSS and development programs.
