General Science
Amino acid leucine helps our cells produce energy
- CONTEXT: Proteins in the cells in our body perform functions of value to the sustenance and growth of organs. There are more than 20 amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and the sequence of these amino acid chains gener-ates the structure and function of each protein in the cells.
Amino Acid Leucine
- Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins and play a key role in cell growth, repair, and functioning.
- There are more than 20 amino acids that combine in different sequences to form various proteins.
- Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet.
- Leucine plays an important role in protein synthesis, especially in muscle growth and repair.
- It helps regulate cellular energy production by activating the mTOR (mechanistic Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which controls cell growth and metabolism.
- During energy needs, leucine can contribute to energy metabolism by being broken down in cells.
- Leucine is one of the three Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) along with isoleucine and valine.
Space
ISRO successfully carries out tests of Gaganyaan systems
- CONTEXT: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) completed three qualification tests for the Gaganyaan Crew Module systems on 12 and 13 July 2026. Gaganyaan is India’s first human spaceflight mission, and the tests covered splashdown recovery, module separation, and structural loads on the crew capsule.
ISRO’s Key Tests for Gaganyaan Crew Module Readiness
Crew Module Up-righting System (CMUS)
- ISRO conducted the Float Inflation Test of CMUS.
- The system helps the crew capsule regain an upright position after sea splashdown.
- It uses cold-gas technology for inflation and stabilisation.
- It is an important astronaut safety system during recovery operations.
Crew Module–Service Module Connect & Disconnect System (CS-CDS)
- ISRO tested the Umbilical Separation System between the crew module and service module.
- The test verified the safe separation of the CSU-2 umbilical from the simulated crew module.
- It also confirmed the structural strength and stability of crew module panels and interfaces.
Crew Module Structural Qualification Test (Apex Cover Separation)
- The test evaluated the structural strength of the crew module during apex cover separation.
- The apex cover protects the parachute system.
- The test ensured safe jettisoning (removal) of the cover during the mission.
