Gender Equity in Courts
Women constitute only 14% of judges in the High Courts and a mere 3.1% in the Supreme Court.
About India Justice Report (IJR) 2025
It is a national periodic assessment that evaluates the capacity of India’s justice system across four key pillars—police, judiciary, prisons, and legal aid. It ranks states based on their performance in these areas, using metrics such as human resources, infrastructure, budgets, workload, and diversity.
Key Highlights from the India Justice Report 2025
Judicial Backlog and Vacancies: Pending cases have exceeded five crore, with high courts and district courts facing vacancy rates of 33% and 21%, respectively.
15 judges per 10 lakh population; Law Commission (1987) suggested 50 judges per 10 lakh
population.
Judges in Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Kerala have workloads exceeding 4,000 cases per judge.
States-Level Findings
Large States (population above 10 million): Karnataka once again takes top position and Andhra climbs to second from fifth.
Telangana, eleventh in 2019, has retained its third position.
Tamil Nadu ranks 5th overall among large states but 1st in prison management
Small States (population up to 10 million): Sikkim retains its 1st rank among small states and is the only one to meet the 33% women judges’ benchmark in High Courts.
National Commission for Minorities
It is an autonomous body established by the Government of India in 1992.
It was created under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992
Its primary objective is to monitor the implementation of safeguards provided to minorities under the Indian Constitution.
It also advises the Central and State Governments on issues related to the welfare and development of minorities.
Initially, five religious communities were declared as minorities:
1. Muslims
2. Christians
3. Sikhs
4. Buddhists
5. Zoroastrians (Parsis)
Later, in 2014, Jains were also declared as a minority community through an official notification.
The six religious minority groups together constitute about 20% of the country’s total population.
