Shanghai Cooperation Organization
▪ External Affairs Minister Jaishankar stated that the SCO should not compromise in its stand
against terrorism.
▪ It is an intergovernmental political, economic, and security alliance founded in 2001 by
Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
▪ The first summit was held in Shanghai, China, in 2001.
▪ The SCO aims to promote cooperation and mutual support in areas such as trade, investment, energy, transportation, and security.
▪ The official working language of the SCO Secretariat is Russian and Chinese.
▪ India and Pakistan became members in 2017.
Global Shipping- Decarbonisation Goal
▪ Global shipping aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2040–2050, transitioning from fossil
fuels to green alternatives.
▪ Transition Fuels: LNG (liquefied natural gas) is seen as a bridge fuel; the industry is moving toward green methanol (short term) and green ammonia (long term) as main green fuels.
▪ Green Fuel Production:
✓ Green hydrogen is made via electrolysis using renewable energy.
✓ Green methanol = green hydrogen + CO₂ from industrial sources.
✓ Green ammonia = green hydrogen + nitrogen; more stable than hydrogen for shipping.
▪ India’s Role:
✓ India plans to decarbonise domestic shipping and build green fuel hubs at Tuticorin and Kandla.
✓ Aims to export green fuels to major bunkering stations like Singapore.
✓ Partnerships with overseas shipbuilders from South Korea and Japan are being pursued to
support India’s shipbuilding strength.
✓ India is pushing for green-fuel capable ships, aiming to build 20% of its 110-ship purchase
plan domestically with incentives for retrofits and foreign partnerships.
✓ With its solar potential, CO₂ sources, and growing electrolyser capacity, India can become a
global hub for green marine fuels and boost its ship owning and shipbuilding ecosystem.
