Environment and ecology
COP 30 begins in Brazil
- The UN Climate Conference to accelerate efforts to prevent global climate change has begun in the city of Belém, located in the Amazon region of Brazil.
- The United States is the world’s largest oil producer and the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
- Under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, countries including India committed to limiting greenhouse gas emissions to ensure that the global temperature rise remains below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
- The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for July–September 2025 was conducted by the Labour Bureau.
- The rural unemployment rate (15 years and above) declined to 4% from 4.8% in the previous quarter (April–June 2025).
- The urban unemployment rate increased slightly — males:1% → 6.2%; females: 8.9% → 9.0%.
- The overall unemployment rate (15 years and above) dropped to 2% from 5.4% in the previous quarter.
- The rural workforce continued to be concentrated in the agriculture sector, which rose to 7% from 53.5%, mainly due to seasonal agricultural operations.
- In urban areas, the tertiary sector remained dominant, employing 62% of workers (up from 7%).
- The female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased to 7% (from 33.4%).
