Environment and ecology COP 30 begins in Brazil The UN Climate Conference to accelerate efforts to prevent global climate change has begun in the city of Belém, located in the Amazon region of Brazil. The United States is the world's largest oil producer and the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. Under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, countries including India committed to limiting greenhouse gas emissions to ensure that the global temperature rise remains below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for July–September 2025 was conducted by the Labour Bureau. The rural unemployment rate (15 years and above) declined to 4% from 4.8% in the previous quarter (April–June 2025). The urban unemployment rate increased slightly — males:1% → 6.2%; females: 8.9% → 9.0%. The overall unemployment rate (15 years and above) dropped to 2% from 5.4% in the previous quarter. The rural workforce continued to be concentrated in the agriculture sector, which rose to 7% from 53.5%, mainly due to seasonal agricultural operations. In urban areas, the tertiary sector remained dominant, employing 62% of workers (up from 7%). The female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased to 7% (from 33.4%).
