Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) Context: The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) has initiated regulatory actions against the unauthorized online sale and advertisement of hazardous chemicals, explosives, and their associated precursors on digital platforms. This action has been undertaken under the provisions of the 'Consumer Protection Act, 2019,' with the aim of strengthening consumer protection, public safety, and responsible e-commerce practices. In this regard, notices have been issued to major e-commerce platforms concerning the listing and sale of regulated substances including Ammonium Nitrate, Gunpowder, Picric Acid, and Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate. About the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) The CCPA is a regulatory body established in 2020 under the provisions of the 'Consumer Protection Act, 2019.' The CCPA functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs. Composition The Authority consists of a Chief Commissioner as its head, along with two other Commissioners as members. Powers and Functions To investigate or inquire into matters related to violations of consumer rights or unfair trade practices—either *suo motu* (on its own initiative), based on a complaint received, or upon the direction of the Central Government. Imposition of a fine of up to ₹10 lakh and imprisonment for up to two years on manufacturers or endorsers who publish false and misleading advertisements. This fine amount may be extended up to ₹50 lakh, and the imprisonment up to five years. Filing of complaints regarding violations of consumer rights or unfair trade practices with the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, and the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. Ken-Betwa Link Project Context: Presiding over the 51st PRAGATI meeting held in New Delhi, the Prime Minister noted that the Ken-Betwa project should serve as a model for resolving inter-state water disputes through cooperation, timely clearances, technology-based monitoring, and planned implementation.…
