National Quantum Mission Context: Under the National Quantum Mission, India has successfully demonstrated a 1,000 km-long quantum communication network in less than two years. This constitutes one of the longest networks in the world. Furthermore, it signifies rapid progress toward achieving the Mission's eight-year target of establishing a 2,000 km-long network. This milestone achievement was realized using indigenous technology developed by QNu Labs, an Indian quantum cybersecurity startup. This network not only strengthens secure communication across the defense sector, financial systems, and critical infrastructure but also operates effectively in challenging terrains, including underwater and underground environments. About the National Quantum Mission It is a flagship program of the Department of Science and Technology. A financial outlay of ₹6,003 crore has been allocated for this Mission for the period spanning 2023–24 to 2030–31. It aims to position India as a global leader in quantum technology by fostering scientific and industrial research and development. The Mission focuses on enhancing indigenous capabilities and accelerating technology-led economic growth. It encompasses four key verticals Quantum Computing Aims to develop medium-scale quantum computers with 50 to 1,000 'qubit' capacity within eight years. Quantum Communication Targets satellite-based secure communication and long-distance Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology over a range of 2,000 km. Quantum Sensing Focuses on the development of highly precise magnetometers and atomic clocks. Quantum Materials Aims to strengthen manufacturing capabilities for the production of indigenous hardware. Thematic Hubs The National Quantum Mission is implemented through thematic hubs established across India. Four T-Hub centers have been established at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), IIT Madras (in collaboration with the Centre for Development of Telematics), IIT Bombay, and IIT Delhi. Each hub focuses on a specific domain: Quantum Computing, Communication, Sensing and Metrology, and Materials and Devices. Hub-Spoke-Spike Model The Mission adopts a Hub-Spoke-Spike model, wherein…
