G-20 Summit The G-20 summit was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, marking the first time the grouping has been hosted in an African country. India’s Proposals/Initiatives: Proposed initiatives to reconsider global growth parameters to balance growth and promote "integral humanism." Announced the G-20-Africa Skills Multiplier Initiative to impart skill development to "one million" people across the African continent. Proposed a G-20 Global Healthcare Response Team. Proposed a G-20 Initiative on Countering the Drug-Terror Nexus. Proposed a Global Traditional Knowledge Repository: To transmit sustainable and "eco-balanced ways of life" to future generations. Proposed a G-20 Open Satellite Data Partnership: To share information related to agriculture, fishing, and disaster management. Proposed a G-20 Critical Minerals Circularity initiative: To promote recycling and sustainable mining methods. Australia-Canada-India Technology & Innovation (ACITI) Partnership: The goal is to deepen cooperation on critical and emerging technologies, resilient supply chains, clean energy, and artificial intelligence (AI). Note: United States boycotted the summit; no U.S. leader attended due to tense ties with South Africa. COP30 (Belem, Brazil) Summit Outcome COP30 concluded with a consensus agreement titled “Global Mutirão: Uniting humanity in a global mobilisation against climate change.” COP President Andrei Lago announced two major global road maps to be prepared: Road map to halt and reverse deforestation. Road map to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly, and equitable manner. This Mutirão refers to a consensus on the most contentious climate-talk issues: Article 9 (Paris Agreement): Developed nations must mobilise finance for developing countries’ energy transition. Measures against trade-restrictive unilateral climate actions (a key concern among developing countries). Progress on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Addressing the 1.5°C ambition and implementation gap. The final consensus text, the Mutirão Agreement, includes: A two-year work programme on climate finance. A call to at least triple adaptation finance by 2035.…
